{"id":1696,"date":"2025-11-27T13:08:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T10:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icrarehberi.com\/?p=1696"},"modified":"2025-12-26T20:41:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T17:41:39","slug":"kesinlesen-sira-cetveli-iptal-edilmeden-odenen-para-geri-istenemez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.icrarehberi.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/27\/kesinlesen-sira-cetveli-iptal-edilmeden-odenen-para-geri-istenemez\/","title":{"rendered":"Kesinle\u015fen S\u0131ra Cetveli “Z\u0131rh” Gibidir: Mahkeme \u0130ptal Etmeden “Pardon” Denilemez"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130cra iflas hukukunda paralar\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan hatalar, bazen daireleri zor durumda b\u0131rakabiliyor. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay, bu hatalar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesinde “\u0130\u0130K 361. madde muht\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n” tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmayaca\u011f\u0131na, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin as\u0131l belgesi olan “S\u0131ra Cetveli”nin ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece \u00f6demenin geri istenemeyece\u011fine h\u00fckmetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olay: \u0130potek Alacakl\u0131s\u0131 Unutuldu, Para Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dava konusu olayda \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sat\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131 elde edilen paray\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir s\u0131ra cetveli d\u00fczenledi. Cetvel kesinle\u015fti ve buna g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. S\u0131radaki Vergi Dairesi\u2019ne 7.150 TL<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. S\u0131radaki \u015fikayet\u00e7i alacakl\u0131 H.A.\u2019ya 11.250 TL<\/strong> \u00f6deme yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Ancak \u00f6demelerden sonra \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hata yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti. Dosyada “K. Esnaf Kefalet Kooperatifi”nin ipotek alaca\u011f\u0131 (r\u00fc\u00e7hanl\u0131 alacak) mevcuttu ve haciz alacakl\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00f6denmesi gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hatas\u0131n\u0131 telafi etmek isteyen \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, paray\u0131 alan H.A.’ya 22.07.2009 tarihli bir muht\u0131ra<\/strong> g\u00f6nderdi. Yaz\u0131da; “\u0130potek bedelini mahsup etmeden sana \u00f6deme yapm\u0131\u015f\u0131z, fazla \u00f6denen 6.000 TL’yi \u0130\u0130K 361. madde gere\u011fince geri getir”<\/em> denildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yarg\u0131tay: “S\u0131ra Cetveli Ayaktaysa Para \u0130stenemez”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Alacakl\u0131 H.A., bu i\u015flemin iptali i\u00e7in \u0130cra Mahkemesi’ne ba\u015fvurdu ancak yerel mahkeme \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fc hakl\u0131 bularak \u015fikayeti reddetti. Dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi (2010\/9532 K.)<\/strong> ise yerel mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131 bozdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme’nin gerek\u00e7esi, icra hukuku sistemati\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ders niteli\u011findeydi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    “Kesinle\u015fen s\u0131ra cetveli mahkeme karar\u0131yla iptal edilmeden, bu s\u0131ra cetveline g\u00f6re alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6denen bedelin, \u0130\u0130K\u2019nun 361. maddesine g\u00f6re icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce geri istenmesi yerinde de\u011fildir.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Karar\u0131n Anlam\u0131 ve Uygulamadaki Yeri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Yarg\u0131tay bu karar\u0131yla \u015fu prensibi netle\u015ftirdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Hukuki G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> S\u0131ra cetveli, paran\u0131n kime ne kadar \u00f6denece\u011finin resmi belgesidir. Bu belge kesinle\u015fmi\u015fse, alacakl\u0131 buna g\u00fcvenerek paras\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve harcar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Usulde Paralellik:<\/strong> Hatal\u0131 bir s\u0131ra cetveli varsa, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm idari bir i\u015flemle (muht\u0131ra ile) para istemek de\u011fil, \u00f6nce o cetvelin hukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (mahkeme yoluyla) ortadan kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. S\u0131ralama:<\/strong> \u00d6nce s\u0131ra cetveli iptal edilir, ard\u0131ndan yeni cetvele g\u00f6re haks\u0131z \u00f6deme olu\u015fursa \u0130\u0130K 361 devreye girer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Sonu\u00e7 olarak; \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn ipotekli alacakl\u0131y\u0131 unutmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hata olsa da, bu hatay\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi iade muht\u0131ras\u0131, s\u0131ra cetveli iptal edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in usuls\u00fcz bulundu ve bozuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      Karar K\u00fcnyesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Mahkeme:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Esas No:<\/strong> 2009\/28385<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Karar No:<\/strong> 2010\/9532<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Tarih:<\/strong> 19.04.2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Konu:<\/strong> S\u0131ra Cetvelinin Kesinle\u015fmesi \/ \u0130\u0130K 361 \u0130ade Muht\u0131ras\u0131 \/ R\u00fc\u00e7hanl\u0131 Alacak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’nun 361. maddesi, icra daireleri i\u00e7in adeta bir “sigorta”<\/strong> ve “h\u0131zl\u0131 telafi”<\/strong> mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu madde, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcne mahkeme karar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan, kendi i\u015flemiyle paray\u0131 geri alma yetkisi tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130\u015fte \u0130\u0130K 361. maddenin uygulama \u015fartlar\u0131, kapsam\u0131 ve icra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olarak dikkat etmeniz gereken kritik detaylar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        \u0130\u0130K Madde 361: Fazla veya Yersiz Verilen Paran\u0131n Geri Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Temel Kural:<\/strong> \u0130cra veya iflas dairesince; bor\u00e7ludan fazla para tahsil olunarak alacakl\u0131ya verilmi\u015fse veya yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na \u00f6deme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, ayr\u0131 bir mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcne gerek kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n<\/strong>, bu para alan ki\u015fiden geri al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. Maddenin Hukuki Niteli\u011fi: “\u0130lam H\u00fckm\u00fcndedir”<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        Bu maddenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yan\u0131 \u015fudur: \u0130cra dairesinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi “Geri \u00d6deme Muht\u0131ras\u0131” (\u0130ade Muht\u0131ras\u0131), ilam (mahkeme karar\u0131) h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Alacakl\u0131 paray\u0131 iade etmezse, hakk\u0131nda yeniden takip yapmaya veya dava a\u00e7maya gerek yoktur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Do\u011frudan o alacakl\u0131n\u0131n mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na haciz konulabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          2. Hangi Durumlarda Uygulan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

          \u0130\u0130K 361 mekanizmas\u0131 \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 temel senaryoda devreye girer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • a) Yarg\u0131tay\/\u0130stinaf Bozmas\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130laml\u0131 icraya dayanak olan mahkeme karar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan bozulur ve bor\u00e7lunun borcu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya daha az oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmedilirse, alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6denen para \u0130\u0130K 361 gere\u011fi geri istenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • b) Hesap Hatas\u0131 (Maddi Hata):<\/strong> \u0130cra m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc kapak hesab\u0131 yaparken faizi yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplam\u0131\u015f, vekalet \u00fccretini fazla koymu\u015f ve paray\u0131 alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6demi\u015fse; hatas\u0131n\u0131 fark etti\u011fi an \u0130\u0130K 361’i i\u015fletir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • c) Yanl\u0131\u015f Ki\u015fiye \u00d6deme:<\/strong> Para, dosya alacakl\u0131s\u0131 yerine yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla ba\u015fka bir dosyaya veya ilgisiz bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fse geri istenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            3. Uygulama Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

            \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            1. Tespit:<\/strong> Yersiz \u00f6demeyi tespit eder veya bor\u00e7lunun talebini hakl\u0131 bulur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Muht\u0131ra:<\/strong> Paray\u0131 alan ki\u015fiye (veya vekiline) bir “\u0130ade Muht\u0131ras\u0131”<\/strong> g\u00f6nderir. (\u00d6rn: “Dosyam\u0131zdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z 10.000 TL’nin 3.000 TL’sinin hesap hatas\u0131 nedeniyle fazla \u00f6dendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, 7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde iade ediniz.”<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. Zorla Al\u0131m:<\/strong> S\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde para iade edilmezse, paray\u0131 alan ki\u015finin (alacakl\u0131n\u0131n) mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulan\u0131r ve do\u011frudan haciz i\u015flemi uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              UYARI: \u0130\u0130K 361’in “K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00c7izgisi” (\u00d6nceki Kararla Ba\u011flant\u0131)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              Payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z son Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131n\u0131n (2010\/9532 K.) p\u00fcf noktas\u0131 tam olarak buras\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi hatalar\u0131<\/strong> (hesaplama, yanl\u0131\u015f IBAN vb.) \u0130\u0130K 361 ile resen (kendili\u011finden) d\u00fczeltebilir. ANCAK;<\/strong> \u00f6deme hukuki bir belgeye, \u00f6zellikle de “Kesinle\u015fmi\u015f Bir S\u0131ra Cetveline”<\/strong> dayan\u0131yorsa, \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc “Ben s\u0131ralamay\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f\u0131m”<\/em> diyerek \u0130\u0130K 361’i tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • Kural:<\/strong> \u00d6deme bir “S\u0131ra Cetveli”ne dayan\u0131yorsa, \u00f6nce o cetvelin Mahkemece iptal edilmesi gerekir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0130stisna:<\/strong> \u00d6deme sadece “Kapak Hesab\u0131”na dayan\u0131yorsa, \u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc hatas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp \u0130\u0130K 361’i do\u011frudan uygulayabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                \u00d6zetle;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Hesap hatas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa:<\/strong> Korkmay\u0131n, \u0130\u0130K 361 ile hemen muht\u0131ra \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p para geri istenebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Hukuki de\u011ferlendirme hatas\u0131 (s\u0131ra cetveli) yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa:<\/strong> S\u0131ra cetveli kesinle\u015fmi\u015fse, art\u0131k 361. madde kullan\u0131lamaz. \u0130lgilinin (ma\u011fdur olan alacakl\u0131n\u0131n) dava a\u00e7\u0131p cetveli iptal ettirmesini beklemek gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n

                  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T.C.
                  YARGITAY
                  12. Hukuk Dairesi

                  ESAS NO   : 2009\/28385
                  KARAR NO: 2010\/9532<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Yukar\u0131da tarih ve numaras\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcddeti i\u00e7inde temyizen tetkiki alacakl\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenmesi \u00fczerine bu i\u015fle ilgili dosya mahallinden daireye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olmakla okundu ve gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  .\u0130cra M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn 2005\/2049 Esas say\u0131l\u0131 takip dosyas\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndan, kesinle\u015fen s\u0131ra cetveline g\u00f6re ilk s\u0131radaki vergi dairesi m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 7.150 TL olarak \u00f6dendi\u011fi ve ikinci s\u0131radaki alacakl\u0131 \u015fikayet\u00e7i H.A.’a da 11.250 TL \u00f6deme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce \u0130\u0130K’nun 361.maddesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenen ve \u015fikayet\u00e7iye g\u00f6nderilen 22.07.2009 tarihli iade muht\u0131ras\u0131nda, K. Esnaf Kefalet Kooperatifi’nin ipotek alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (r\u00fc\u00e7hanl\u0131 alacak olarak) haciz alacakl\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00f6denmesi gerekirken, s\u00f6z konusu ipotek bedeli mahsup edilmeden dosya alacakl\u0131s\u0131na 11.250 TL \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilerek, fazla \u00f6denen 6.000 TL ipotek bedelinin \u0130\u0130K’nun 361.maddesine g\u00f6re geri \u00f6denmesi istenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u015eikayet\u00e7i alacakl\u0131, icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bu i\u015fleminin \u015fikayet yolu ile iptalini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Kesinle\u015fen s\u0131ra cetveli mahkeme karar\u0131yla iptal edilmeden, bu s\u0131ra cetveline g\u00f6re alacakl\u0131ya \u00f6denen bedelin, \u0130\u0130K’nun 361.maddesine g\u00f6re icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce, geri istenmesi yerinde de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Mahkemece bu nedenle \u015fikayetin kabul\u00fcne ve icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan iade muht\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n iptaline karar verilmesi gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde \u015fikayetin reddi isabetsiz oldu\u011fundan karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  SONU\u00c7  : Alacakl\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 nedenlerle \u0130\u0130K 366 ve HUMK’nun 428. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca (BOZULMASINA), 19.04.2010 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi, icra dairelerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralama hatalar\u0131n\u0131n telafisinde izlenmesi gereken zorunlu prosed\u00fcr\u00fc belirledi. Karara g\u00f6re; bir s\u0131ra cetveli kesinle\u015fmi\u015fse, sonradan r\u00fc\u00e7hanl\u0131 (\u00f6ncelikli) bir alacakl\u0131n\u0131n unutuldu\u011fu fark edilse dahi, mahkeme karar\u0131yla o cetvel iptal edilmeden, paray\u0131 alan alacakl\u0131ya “yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplad\u0131k, paray\u0131 iade et” denilemez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1697,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manset","category-satis"],"yoast_head":"\nKesinle\u015fen S\u0131ra Cetveli "Z\u0131rh" Gibidir: Mahkeme \u0130ptal Etmeden "Pardon" Denilemez - \u0130cra Rehberi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrarehberi.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/27\/kesinlesen-sira-cetveli-iptal-edilmeden-odenen-para-geri-istenemez\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kesinle\u015fen S\u0131ra Cetveli "Z\u0131rh" Gibidir: Mahkeme \u0130ptal Etmeden "Pardon" Denilemez - \u0130cra Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesi, icra dairelerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralama hatalar\u0131n\u0131n telafisinde izlenmesi gereken zorunlu prosed\u00fcr\u00fc belirledi. 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